January 1, 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I'd like to use this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my family for their unending love, support, and encouragement. My appreciation to my parents for the sacrifices they have made on my behalf is beyond words. I must appreciate my seniors for their amazing advice and assistance during the last five years of my studies at ITC. I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. PO Kimtho, ITC's general director, for his outstanding leadership and engagement with partner institutions both within and beyond the country, as well as for improving the quality of engineers and high-level technicians. And I am also grateful to Dr. CHRIN Phok, head of the Electrical and Energy Department, has been extremely helpful in every way. During my time at ITC, I was interested in this aspect. I'd want to convey my gratefulness and admiration for Mrs. ENG Samphors, my adviser, who has been an amazing mentor to me. I'd want to thank him for his explanations, suggestions, and recommendations when I was working on my thesis. Without her direction, this project would not have been completed. In addition, I also want to say thank you to Mr. MEY Thimsovannsao, Mr. Morn Pisal and Mr. SUNHEANG Ratana for their suggestions and guidance on how to excel in the internship program. He spent time discussing my thesis with me as well gave me the details I required to complete it. Ultimately, I'd want to express my gratitude to all of my lecturers who have assisted, taught, and advised me so far, as well as my friends and classmates who have always encouraged and supported me up to this point

សេចក្តីសង្ខេប

គោលបំណងនៃនិក្ខេបបទនេះគឺដើម្បីសិក្សាពីការផ្គត់ផ្គង់ប្រព័ន្ធតង់ស្យុងទាប និងការដំឡើងនៅក្នុងអគារ ជាពិសេសអគារ La Cozii TK Condominium ដោយប្រើការគណនាទ្រឹស្តីដោយផ្អែកលើ International Electrotechnical Commission Standard មាននៅក្នុង Schneider Electrical Installation Guide 2018 និងការផ្ទៀងផ្ទាត់ដោយប្រើកម្មវិធី EcoStruxure Power Design-Ecodial ។ ក្នុងករណីសិក្សានេះ អគាររួមបញ្ចូលគ្នារវាងអគារលំនៅឋាន និងអគារពាណិជ្ជកម្ម។ នៅក្នុងនិក្ខេបបទនេះ មានរូបមន្តវិធីសាស្រ្តសំខាន់ៗសម្រាប់ការប៉ាន់ប្រមាណតម្រូវការថាមពលសម្រាប់តម្រូវការអគ្គិសនីនៅជាន់នីមួយៗនៃអគារ។ Capacitor Bank គឺជាឧបករណ៍ដ៏សំខាន់តែមួយគត់នៃការរចនា ដែលបង្កើនកត្តាថាមពលនៃប្រព័ន្ធ ដើម្បីបង្កើនប្រសិទ្ធភាពថាមពល។ លើសពីនេះ ការកំណត់ទំហំត្រង់ស្វូ គឺមានសារៈសំខាន់ដើម្បីបំពេញតម្រូវការថាមពល ខណៈដែលទំហំម៉ាស៊ីនភ្លើងជ្រើសរើសអាស្រ័យលើតម្រូវការថាមពលកំឡុងពេលដាច់ភ្លើង។ ជាងនេះទៅទៀត ការជ្រើសរើសប្រភេទខ្សែរ និង មុខកាត់ខ្សែរ មានអត្ថប្រយោជន៍សម្រាប់កាត់បន្ថយការបាត់បង់ថាមពល, ភាពធន់នៃខ្សែ ហើយការកំណត់ទំហំត្រឹមត្រូវនៃ ខ្សែរ សម្រាប់កាត់បន្ថយការធ្លាក់ចុះនៃតង់ស្យុង ដើម្បីការពារការខូចខាតដល់ឧបករណ៍ ក៏ដូចជាសម្ភារៈប្រើប្រាស់បានយូរ។ ជាងនេះទៅទៀត ការឆ្លងចរន្តរបស់សៀគ្វី ក៏ដើរតួយ៉ាងសំខាន់ក្នុងនិក្ខេបបទនេះ ហើយចាំបាច់ត្រូវសម្រេចចិត្តត្រឹមត្រូវសម្រាប់ការកំណត់ទំហំឧបករណ៍ការពារប្រព័ន្ធ និងការពារគ្រោះថ្នាក់ឆាបឆេះអគ្គីភ័យពីចរន្តអគ្គិសនី។

ABSTRACT

The goal of this thesis was to study the supply of low voltage systems and installation in buildings, specifically the La Cozii TK Condominium, using theoretical calculations based on the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard as found in the Schneider Electrical Installation Guide 2018 and verification using the software EcoStruxure Power Design-Ecodial. In this case study, the building's architectural idea combines residential and commercial concepts. There are significant methods for estimating the power requirements for the systems on each floor of buildings. The capacitor bank is the only significant component of the design that increases the power factor of the system to boost power efficiency. In addition, the transformer sizing is important to fulfill the energy needs, while the generator is sized based on the energy requirements during a power outage. Furthermore, the selection of conductor cross-section areas is advantageous for reducing power loss on cable resistivity, as well as determining the right size of conductor for lowering voltage drop to prevent damage to appliances or equipment, as well as long-term use. Moreover, short-circuit current also plays an important role in this thesis and needs to be decided for sizing the circuit-breaker for protection of the system and to prevent the fire hazard from electricity. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

Symbol	Meaning	Symbol	Meaning
Al	Aluminum	CB	Circuit Breaker
Cu	Copper	DB	Distribution Board
IEC	International Electrotechnical Commission	Ku	Utilization factor
Ks	Diversity factor	LV	Low Voltage
MDB	Main Distribution Board	MCB	Main Circuit Breaker
MCCB	Miniature Case Circuit Breaker	MV	Medium Voltage
PE	Protective Earth Conductor	P.F	Power Factor
S.C	Short-circuit	SDB	Sub-Distribution Board
I	Current [A]	P	Real Power [W]
Q	Reactive Power [VAR]	R	Resistance [Ω]
S	Apparent Power [VA]	∆U	Voltage drops [%]
V	Voltage [V]	X	Reactance [Ω]
Z	Impedance [Ω]

INTRODUCTION

Since the increase in population, the electrical and energy infrastructure has become increasingly important for the Cambodian people. Similarly, a group of engineers is supplying construction and MEP system, inspection, and consultancy services to analyze and install the electrical system at La Cozii TK Condominium to optimize power consumption while reducing power loss to boost power efficiency and avoid electric hazard.

Project Description

The La Cozii TK Condominium in Figure 1.1 is an 18-storey residential and commercial building project that is expected to be completed in 2023. The development lies in Phnom Penh's Tuol Kork District. The La Cozii TK Condominium will have 79 residential units of various types and sizes, ranging from two-bedroom to one-bedroom. The development is a well-designed home with an advanced fitting and fixture system to offer a comfortable living environment with site area 480 sqm.

Figure 1.1 La Cozii TK Condominium

Problem Statement

The power factors and utilization factors of the building's equipment might cause the rated power of the equipment to differ from the overall power consumption, which is essential for determining the sizes of the power transformer and generator. Increased power loss may be caused by a decline in power factor, improper cable sizing, and other factors. Protection is also essential to prevent accidents or impacts to any appliances or equipment.

Objective

The main goal of this thesis is to design an electrical installation to supply a low voltage (LV) system into a building while adhering to the electrical international standard code, namely the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which directs us to design a safe electrical installation for the user's safety and convenience. This will help to reduce the risks of electricity to people and communities. It will assist in ensuring consistent power usage in the facility, lowering annual costs through energy conservation.

Scope of Work

The scope of work covers the following:

Calculation of maximum power demand of the project
Correcting the power factor and sizing the capacitor bank
Sizing transformer and generator
Calculation of conductor sizes
Calculation of voltage drop and short-circuit current
Selection of protective devices
Comparing the results with EcoStruxure Power Design Simulation

Company’s Profile

Vrk Corporation Logo

Figure 1.2 Logo of company VRK CORPORATION CO., LTD is founded in 2009 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, this company is an EPC contractor for Mechanical, Electrical Plumbing (MEP) system for the green building concept projects of Commercial, Residential and Industrial Building as well as high-rise buildings, etc. for which VRK provides engineering services, supplies materials and equipment, performs installation and commissioning. The mission of company has a sustainable growth and always close to customer and employees with the vision to become a responsible and high-quality mechanical, electrical and plumbing contractor with green building concept and satisfy our customer with reliable and safe services.

Company’s contact:
Email: info@vrkcorporation.com
Hotline: +855 89 768 077
Borey Lim Chheang Hak, #67B, St.198, Sangkat Vealsbov, Khan Chbar Ampov, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia.

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter discusses the specifics and formulae required for estimating power demand in this project, as well as methods for transformer, generator, and electrical conductor sizing, in accordance with the IEC standard and Schneider Electrical Installation Guide 2018. This chapter also covers voltage drop, short-circuit current computation, and circuit-breaker technique sizing following reference [1].

Installed Power (kW)

The nominal power rating of most electrical appliances and equipment is clearly indicated. The total nominal power of all power-consuming equipment in the installation is referred to as the installed power. This installed power is not the real power that will be delivered in practice. The installed power is calculated mathematically following Schneider Electric Installation Guide in reference [1].

Installed powerEq. 2.1

Pinstalled = Σ(nᵢ × Pnᵢ)

Pinstalled: total installed power [W]
nᵢ: number of each load type
Pnᵢ: nominal power of each load type [W]

Estimation of Actual Maximum Power Demand

Maximum Utilization Factor (ku)

The power consumption of various loads is occasionally less than the power consumption indicated by their nominal power rating in normal operating conditions, a rather regular situation that supports the use of a utilization factor. To estimate the realistic value, this factor in Table 2.1 must be added to each individual load following reference [1]. Table 2.1 Diversity factor according to circuit function

Circuit function	Column 2	Diversity factor ku
Lighting		1.00
Heating and Air conditioning		1.00
Socket-outlets		0.1 to 0.2 or higher
lifts and catering hoist	for most power full motor	1.00
	for the second most powerful motor	0.75
	for all motors	0.60

Diversity Factor (ks)

It is general knowledge that the simultaneous operation of all installed loads of a particular installation never occurs in actuality, implying that there is always some degree of variety, which is taken into account for estimation purposes by employing a factor (Ks). This factor takes into account the non-simultaneity of distinct loads' operation (Ks), as shown in the Table 2.2 below. Table 2.2 Rated diversity factor for distribution boards

Type of load	Assumed load factor
Distribution 2 and 3 circuits	0.90
Distribution 4 and 5 circuits	0.80
Distribution 6 and 9 circuits	0.70
Distribution 10 or more circuits	0.60
Electric actuator	0.20
Motor ≤ 100 kW	0.80
Motor ≥ 100 kW	1.00

Power Demand Calculation

The nominal powers of all electrical appliances and equipment installed in the installation are listed, as is their power consumption. An electrical installation's design must be based on maximum power demand, which can be determined using two variables termed utilization factor and simultaneous factor, respectively. It is important to remember that installed power and installed apparent power are not the same as the power that will be supplied in practice following reference [1].

Estimated power demand of each type of load is given:

Estimated power demand of each load typeEq. 2.2

Pe = Ku × n × Pn

Pe: estimated power demand [W]
Ku: utilisation factor
n: number of loads
Pn: nominal power [W]

Estimated maximum power demand in a circuit is given:

Maximum power demand in a circuitEq. 2.3

Pmax = Ks × ΣPe

Pmax: maximum active power demand [W]
Ks: diversity factor
Pe: estimated power demand of each load [W]

Noted: For DB, SDB, and MDB, Power Demand need to calculate with Diversity factor Ks.

The Estimated maximum reactive power demand in a circuit:

Reactive power demandEq. 2.4

Q = P × tan(cos⁻¹(PF))

Q: reactive power demand [var]
P: active power demand [W]
PF: power factor

Estimated maximum apparent power demand for a circuit by:
- For single phase:

Eq. 2.5

S_circuit = √P_circuit^2 × Q_circuit^2 or S_circuit = V × I_circuit

For three phases:

Eq. 2.6

S_circuit = √P_circuit^2 × Q_circuit^2 or S_circuit = √3 × V × I_circuit

Average Power Factor of a circuit is calculated through:

Eq. 2.7

PF_circuit = cosφ_circuit = (P_circuit) / (S_circuit)

Power Factor Correction

To determine the quantity of required reactive power to be compensated that is shown in Figure 2.1, the installation for power factor improvement, it is necessary to calculate correctly power factor according to the power consumption of the whole installation. This is done to avoid overcompensation in the installation resulting reactive power becomes a leading characteristic that causes apparent power and current increasing again with associated active power loss on feeder as well as bus-bars, and voltage increase in the installation from Schneider Electric installation [1].

Figure 2.1 Power triangle after compensation Required reactive power of capacitor is calculated through:

Required capacitor bank reactive powerEq. 2.8

Qc = P × (tan φ₁ - tan φ₂)

Qc: required capacitor bank reactive power [var]
P: active power demand [W]
φ₁: phase angle before correction
φ₂: phase angle after correction

Eq. 2.8

Q_c = Q − Q' = P(tanφ- tanφ^')

Where Q_c ;Required reactive power of capacitor bank to compensate [Var] C :The capacitance of installed capacitor bank [𝜇𝐹] X_C :Capacitive reactance of capacitor bank [Ω]

Power Transformer

A Figure 2.2 power transformer is a device that uses a magnetic field to alter AC electric power at one voltage level to AC electric power at another voltage level.

Figure 2.2 Power transformer It is made up of two or more wire coils coiled around a ferromagnetic core. We can calculate the rated apparent power of transformer that will be used in the electrical installation through the following formula following reference [1]:

Transformer sizingEq. 2.9

STr = S' × Ke

STr: rated apparent power of transformer [kVA]
S': apparent power after power factor correction [kVA]
Ke: extension factor

Power Generator

Power generator in Figure 2.3, which transforms motive force (mechanical energy) into electrical power for use in an external circuit. Mechanical energy sources include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines, wind turbines, and even hand cranks. The following formula is used to calculate the capacity of a power generator. [1]

Eq. 2.10

S_G = S_emg

Where S_G :Rated apparent power of power generator [KVA] > S_emg :The maximum apparent power of emergency load [KVA]

Figure 2.3 Power generator Note: If the power generator in this project only supplies backup power during periods of power outage on select critical facilities and emergency equipment, S_emgis reliant on critical loads.

Cable and Circuit Breaker Sizing

The size of the conductor or cable is one of the most critical aspects of any electrical design. The size of the conductor used in a circuit is determined by the amount of current it must carry. Overheating, excessive power losses, high voltage drop, incorrect cable protection, fire for under-sizing cable, and economic concerns for large cable can all result from incorrect conductor or cable sizing. [1]

Conductor Insulation Type and Busway

XLPE insulated:

XLPE is a great insulation material with a lot of benefits over traditional thermoplastic insulation. Zero halogen, increased durability, extended operating life, and outstanding chemical resistance are just a few of the benefits. It can operate at a greater temperature of up to 90 degrees Celsius. Where larger cables are necessary for main power supply, XLPE-insulated cables are commonly used.

PVC insulated:

PVC-insulated cables are often used and have a long-term operating temperature of up to 70 degrees Celsius. For voltage needs of 1 kV and lower, these cables can be utilized both indoors and outdoors in cable tray and conduit in power and switching stations, local distribution systems, industrial facilities, and commercial buildings. The cables' superb bending qualities make them the ideal choice for interior light fittings, risers, and control equipment applications since they are straightforward to install and maintain.

Busway

Busway in Figure 2.4, also referred to as busbar trunking systems, comprises a set of conductors protected by an enclosure, stand out for their ease of installation, flexibility and number of possible connection points. Figure 2.4 Busway trunking system

Maximum Load Current

Maximum load current is defined as current proportional to the load's apparent power or current proportional to the supplied apparent power, taking into account both the utilization factor and the simultaneous factor. This current is divided into two sections, according to the International Electrotechnical Commission: Maximum load current at final circuit level & Maximum load current at all upstream circuit level. According to International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV 826-11-10), this current is defined as design current that corresponds to rated apparent power of load. In a case of motor starting or other loads which take a high inrush current, is determined following reference [1]:

For single equipment

Eq. 2.11

I_B = (P_n) / (V × cosφ) = (S) / (V)

For single phase motor

Eq. 2.12

I_B = (P_n × 10^3) / (V × η × cosφ)

For three phases motor

Three-phase maximum load currentEq. 2.13

Ib = P / (√3 × U × PF × η)

Ib: maximum load current [A]
P: rated active power [W]
U: phase-to-phase voltage [V]
PF: power factor
η: motor efficiency

Eq. 2.13

I_B = (P_n × 10^3) / (√3 × V × η × cosφ)

Where I_B : maximum load current [A] > V : Phase-to-neutral voltage [V] > > P_n :Nominal or rated active power [W] > > cosφ :Power factor of electrical equipment > > η :Efficiency of electrical motor [%]

Corrected Factor

In order to take environment or special conditions of installation into building, correction factors have been introduced. The cross-sectional area of cables is determined by comparing corrected load current which obtain by using the rated load current I_B divided by different correction factors, k_1, k_2, … following by reference [1].

Eq. 2.14

I_z^' = I_z × k

Where I_z : current carrying capacity of the cable in the reference installation method > I_z^' : "corrected" current carrying capacity of the cable in > real installation conditions

k = k_1 × k_2× k_3× k_4 × ldots :

total corrections factors

Correction factor of ambient temperature (k_1)

The current-carrying capacities of cables in the air are based on average air temperature equal to 30℃. For other temperature, the correction factor for PVC, EPR and XLPE insulation material is given in Appendix B.

Correction factor depends on ground temperature (k_2)

The current-carrying capacities of cables in the ground are based on an average ground temperature equal to 20 °C. For other temperatures, the correction factor is given in for PVC, EPR and XLPE insulation material.

Correction factor for soil thermal resistivity (k_3)

The current-carrying capacities of cables in the ground are based on a ground resistivity equal to 2.5 K.m/W.

Correction factor depends on different configurations of installed cables (k_4)

The value of correction factor for different configurations of cables or conductors laid directly in the ground following Appendix B.

Voltage Drop

According to IEC 60364, the impedance of the phase conductor of the circuit is low, but not insignificant. The voltage-drop problem is critical for loads that require their terminal voltage to be near to rated value in order to perform properly, such as motors and lighting systems. As a result, the voltage-drop of the circuit conductor and the voltage at the load terminal must be determined within the acceptable limits for proper operation.

Maximum voltage-drop

The IEC 60364 recommends maximum allowable voltage-drop for low voltage installation that “these voltage-drop limits refer to nominal operation condition and do not apply at the times of starting motor, simultaneous switch of several loads. When voltage-drop exceeds maximum allowable value, larger cables must be used to correct the condition”.

Figure 2.5 Voltage drop limitation

Voltage-drop in normal condition

The voltage-drop of conductor supplied to each load in an installation can be calculated through two methods following Schneider Electric installation guide [1]:

For phase-to-phase circuit

Eq. 2.15

Δ U = 2 × I_B × ( Rcosφ + Xsinφ )L[ V];Δ U = (100 × Δ U) / (U_n) [%]

For phase to neutral circuit

Eq. 2.16

Δ U = 2 × I_B × ( Rcosφ + Xsinφ )L[ V] ;Δ U = (100 × Δ U) / (V_n) [%]

For balanced 3-phase (with or without neutral)

Eq. 2.17

Δ U = √3 × I_B × ( Rcosφ + Xsinφ )L[ V];Δ U = (100 × Δ U) / (U_n) [%]

> Where I_B :the full load current [A] > > L :Length of the cable [km] > > R :Resistance of the cable conductor [Ω/km] > > U_n :Phase-to-phase voltage [V] > > V_n :Phase-to-neutral voltage [V] > > φ :Phase angle between voltage and current in the circuit > considered

The resistance of the cable conductor is given:
- For Cu

Eq. 2.18

R = (23.70 Ωmm^2/ km^2) / (S(c.s.a in mm^2))

For Al

Eq. 2.19

R = (37.60 Ωmm^2/ km^2) / (S(c.s.a in mm^2))

Note: Resistance (𝑅) is negligible above cross-sectional area of 500 mm² and reactance (X) is negligible for conductor of cross-sectional area less than 50mm² in the absence of any other information, take X as being equal to 0.08 Ω/km²

For Simplified Method: type of circuit, single-phase or 3-phase. Thus, voltage drop in a cable is given by:

Eq. 2.20

Δ U = k × I_B × L

Where k :is given by the table (mV/A/m) > I_B :is the full-load current (A) > > L :is the length of cable (km)

Neutral Conductor

According to IEC 60364 recommends that the cross-sectional area of neutral conductor is sized apart from its current-carrying requirement of live conductor, but depends on three main factors as know following: [1]

TT and TN-S systems
- For single-phase circuit with cable of cross-sectional area ≤16 𝑚𝑚2 for copper or 25 𝑚𝑚2 for aluminum, the cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor must be equal to that of the phases.
- For three-phase circuit with cross-sectional area >16 𝑚𝑚2 for copper or 25 𝑚𝑚2 for aluminum, the cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor can be equal to that of the live conductor, or can be smaller than that of live conductor (without taken harmonic current into account).
- The neutral conductor is protected against short-circuit.
TN-C system: The same conditions as the TT and TN-S system are applied in TN-C system, but in practice, the neutral conductor must not be open-circuit under any circumstance since it constitutes a PE as well as a neutral conductor.
IT system: In general, it is not recommended to distribute the neutral conductor, i.e., a 3-phase 3- wire scheme is preferred. When a 3-phase 4-wire installation is necessary, however, the condition mentioned for TT and TN-S system are applicable.

Protective Earth Conductor

Protective earth conductor (PE) is the conductor that creates the main equipotential bonding system by providing the bonding connection for all exposed and extraneous portions of an installation. Because of insulation failure, this conductor carries the fault current to the source's earthed neutral. The earthing electrode must be attached to the PE conductor, which is insulated and colored yellow and green (stripes) and also protected against mechanical and chemical damage in reference [1]

Simplified method

This method is used to calculate size of protective earth conductor related to the live conductors, assuming that the same conductor material is used in each case. [1]

For S_ph ≤ 16 mm²

Eq. 2.21

S_PE = S_ph

For 16 mm² < S_ph ≤ 35 mm²

Eq. 2.22

S_PE = S_ph

For S_ph > 35 mm²

Eq. 2.23

S_PE = (S_ph) / (2)

Where S_ph : Cross-sectional area of live or phase conductor [mm²] > S_PE :Cross-sectional area of protective conductor > [mm²] It will be noted that in TT earthing system, the cross-sectional area of protective earth conductor can be limited to 25mm² for copper and 35mm² for aluminum. TN earthing system, the neutral conductor cannot be used as a PEN conductor unless its cross-sectional area is equal to or larger than 10mm² for copper or 16mm2 for aluminum.

Short-Circuit Current

Following reference [1], the simplified approach, the impedance of the MV system is assumed to be negligibly small, so that:

Eq. 2.24

I_SC = (I_n × 100) / (U_sc)

While:

I_n = (S × 1000) / (U_20√3)

In a 3-phase installation Isc at any point is given by:

Eq. 2.25

I_SC = (U_20) / (√3 × Z_T)

Where U_20 : Phase-to-phase voltage of the open circuit secondary winding of the supply MV/LV transformer [V] > Z_T : Total impedance per phase upstream installation of the > fault location [Ω]

Method of calculating Z_T:

Each component of an installation (MV network, transformer, cable, busbar, and so on...) is characterized by its impedance Z, comprising an element of resistance (R) and an inductive reactance (X). It may be noted that capacitive reactances are not important in short-circuit current calculations.

Eq. 2.26

Z_T = √R_T^2 + X_T^2

Network upstream of the MV/LV transformer

Table 2.3 The impedance LV side of the MV network

P_sc	U_20	Ra \[mΩ\]	Xa \[mΩ\]
250 MVA	420	0.07	0.7
500 MVA	420	0.035	0.351

The impedance of MV network that is upstream transformer can be calculated from the following formula: [1]

Eq. 2.27

Z_a = (U_20^2) / (P_SC)

Where Z_a :impedance of the MV network [mΩ] > U_20 : Phase-to-phase no-load LV voltage [V] > > P_SC :3-phase short-circuit apparent power of MV > network [MVA] Note: The upstream (MV) resistance Ra is generally found to be negligible compared with the corresponding Xa, the latter then being taken as the ohmic value for Za. If more accurate calculations are necessary, Xa may be taken to be equal to 0.995 Za and Ra equal to 0.1 Xa.

Transformer

The impedance Ztr of a transformer, viewed from the LV terminals, is given by the formula:

Eq. 2.28

Z_Tr = (U_20^2) / (S_n) × (U_SC) / (100)

The transformer windings resistance Rtr can be derived from the total load-losses as follows:

Eq. 2.29

R_Tr = (P_Cu) / (3I_n^2) × 1000

Where S_n : Rated apparent power of power transformer [VA] > U_SC :The short-circuit impedance voltage of the power > transformer [%] > > P_Cu :Total load-losses [W] From equation (Eq. 2.33), reactance of transformer Xtr is calculated by:

Eq. 2.30

X_Tr = √Z_Tr^2 − R_Tr^2

Note: For an approximation calculation, in the absence of more precise information on transformer characteristics. If U_20 is unknown, it may be assumed to be 1.05Un,

Busway

The resistance of busbars is generally negligible, so that the impedance is practically all reactive, and amounts to approximately 0.15 mΩ/metre.

Circuit-breaker impedances

In LV circuit, the impedance of the circuit-breaker upstream of the fault location must be taken into account. The reactance values conventionally assumed is 0.15 mΩ per CB, while the resistance is neglected. [1]

Circuit conductor impedances

The resistance of a conductor is determined by following formula: [1]

Eq. 2.31

R = ρ × (l) / (S)

Where ρ : The resistivity of the conductor material at the normal operating temperature > l : The length of conductor [m] > > S :Cross-sectional area of conductor [mm²] Note: The short-circuit calculation is determined following Appendix C, short-circuit part.

Selection of Circuit Breaker

A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short-circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

Figure 2.6 Circuit breaker The choice of a CB is made following the reference [1] in terms of:

Electrical characteristics (AC or DC, Voltage...) of the installation for which the CB is intended
Its environment: ambient temperature, in a kiosk or switchboard enclosure, climatic conditions, etc.
Presumed short-circuit current at the point of installation
Characteristics of the protected cables, busbars, busbar trunking system and application (distribution, motor...)
Co-ordination with upstream and/or downstream device: selectivity, cascading, coordination with switch disconnector, contactor...
Operational specifications: requirements (or not) for remote control and indication and related auxiliary contacts, auxiliary tripping coils, connection
Installation regulations; in particular: protection against electric shock and thermal effect (See Protection against electric shocks and electrical fires)
Load characteristics, such as motors, fluorescent lighting, LED lighting, LV/LV transformers

Circuit-breaker mainly serve for overload and short-circuit protection. By the category of low-voltage switching devices. There are several factors that we need to take into consideration to select a circuit-breaker based on the following parameters following reference [1]:

Eq. 2.32

I_B ≤ I_n ≤ I_Z

Where I_B :is operating current of the circuit-breaker > I_Z :is continuous current carrying capacity of the line > > I_n :is rated current of circuit-breaker The breaking capacity of circuit-breaker must be greater than or equivalent to the short-circuit current of circuit.

METHODOLOGY

The techniques for calculating power demand for installation, capacitor bank, power transformer, generator, cable & protective earth cable sizing, voltage drop, short-circuit current, and circuit breaker in this project are all covered in this chapter. It is a practical part in which all of the theories and methods from the literature review are applied to the calculation in this section, as shown in Figure 3.1. The calculation as well as the steps of the whole project calculation are shown below.

Figure 3.1 Methodology for electrical design Following the flowchart e in Figure 3.1:

Step 1: the single line diagram and load data collection in APPENDIX D shown all the load data of equipment and appliances.
Step 2: Determine Power demand from each equipment to main distribution board.
Step 3: Calculating and sizing a capacitor bank to improve the power factor.
Step 4: Calculate & estimating the Transformer size based on the power requirement.
Step 5: Estimate the size of the generator depending on the power demand.
Step 6: Choosing the cable by calculating the maximum current each circuit.
Step 7: Calculating the voltage drop and the short-circuit current using the cable data.
Step 8: Following the short-circuit current, selecting protective device.
Step 9: The completed design of electrical system.

Power Demand Calculation

Figure 3.2 Model design of electrical system in building

Figure 3.3 Power demand calculation flowchart In this project, the building has 18 floors with 17 distribution boards, which contain:

Distribution board parking 1 to 3 (DB-P1, DB-P2, and DB-P3)
Distribution boards (DB-3F and DB-3FA) on the 3F and 3FA floors
Floors 5F to 12FA (SDB-5F to SDB-12FA) with the same design and carrying three types of DB with eight DBs:
- DB-N01 & N04
- DB-N02, N07 & N08
- DB-N03, N05 & N06
Distribution boards (DB-14F to DB-17F) on the 14F to 17F floors

The power demand is calculated by following the procedures in the flowchart in Figure 3.2 & 3.3, which is calculated from each load to distribution board, from DB to SDB and SDB to MDB, which based on the equation from the literature review in steps below:

Individual Load Power Demand is the multiply the utilization factor by the nominal power of each appliance or equipment following (Eq. 2.1 & 2.2):

⇒ P_app,i = K_u,app × n × P_n,app

For 2 power sockets in DB-5F-N01-S01 in SDB-5F of Appendix C with nominal power 250Watt, and ultilization factor equal 0.75.

⇒ P_socket = 0.75 × 2 × 250 = 375W

Power Demand in a circuit calculation
- The maximum load power of a circuit calculated by multiplying the total power of each load in each circuit by the simultaneous factor based on (Eq. 2.3):

⇒ P_circuit,appliance = Σ_^P_app,i

The reactive power is determined by equation (Eq. 2.4) in order to claim the maximum estimated apparent power by using equation (Eq. 2.5) or (Eq. 2.6):

tanφ = tan(arccos(PF))

⇒ Q_circuit = P_circuit × tanφ

⇒ S_circuit = √P_circuit^2 + Q_circuit^2

The average power factor is claimed by the following equation (Eq. 2.7):

PF_circuit = cosφ_circuit = (P_circuit) / (S_circuit)

For DB-5F-N01-S01 in Appendix C circuit has 4 x 250W and 4 x 500W power sockets within power factor 0.73 and Ku equal 0.75.

⇒ P_250W = 0.75 × 4 × 250W = 750W

⇒ P_500W = 0.75 × 4 × 500W = 1500W

⇒ P_DB − 5F − N01 − S01 = Σ_^P_app,i = 750 + 1500 = 2250W

tanφ = tan(arccos(0.73)) ≈ 0.94

⇒ Q_250W = P_250W × tanφ = 750 × 0.94 ≈ 705VAR

⇒ Q_500W = P_500W × tanφ = 1500 × 0.94 ≈ 1410VAR

⇒ Q_DB − 5F − N01 − S01 = Σ_^Q_app,i = 705 + 1410 = 2115VAR

⇒ S_DB − 5F − N01 − S01 = √2250^2 + 2115^2 ≈ 3088VA

⇒ PF_DB − 5F − N01 − S01 = (2250W) / (3088VA)≈0.73

Distribution Board, Sub and Main Distribution Board are Calculated following the same procedure below:
- The maximum load power of a circuit calculated by multiplying the total power of each load in each circuit by the simultaneous factor based on (Eq. 2.3):

⇒ P_DB,circuit = K_s × Σ_^P_cicuit,i

The reactive power is determined by equation (Eq. 2.4) in order to claim the maximum estimated apparent power by using equation (Eq. 2.5) or (Eq. 2.6):

tanφ = tan(arccos(PF))

⇒ Q_DB = P_DB × tanφ

⇒ S_DB = √P_DB^2 + Q_DB^2

The average power factor is claimed by the following equation (Eq. 2.7):

PF_DB = cosφ_DB = (P_DB) / (S_DB)

For DB-N03 of SDB-5F, which contain 6 circuits: Air conditioner, Water heater, Isolator , Power socket for kitchen, Normal power socket and Lighting circuit in Appendix C thus Ks equal 0.7 for, which is selected from Table 2.2:

⇒ P_DB − P2 = 0.7 × (0.9 + 2 + 2.4 + 1.6 + 0.8 + 0.1)kW ≈ 5.46kW

⇒ Q_DB − P2 = 0.7 × (0.84 + 0.28 + 1.8 + 1.5 + 0.82 + 0.05)kVAR ≈ 3.7kVAR

⇒ S_DB − P2 = √5.46^2 + 3.7^2 ≈ 6.6kVA

⇒ PF_DB − 5F − N01 − S01 = (5.46kW) / (6.6kVA)≅0.83

Selection of Capacitor Bank

According to the Design Standard of Electricité du Cambodge (EDC), the power factor has to be maintained at a higher than 0.85, so in this study, the power factor of the system is corrected to 0.95 in order to avoid power losses or electricity costs in reference [5].

cosφ' = 0.95

The whole system power factor cosφ is below the required as a result of the power demand calculation, and it has to be boosted by adding a capacitor bank. To do so, (Eq 2.8) is used to calculate the power of capacitor Q_C:

Q_c = Q − Q' = P(tanφ- tanφ^')

Note: the simplify method, we can select the value of (tanφ- tanφ^') in Appendix A in correction power factor part, and our P.F of the system in MDB is 0.82 correcting to 0.95, while active power is 392kW so:

(tanφ- tanφ^') = 0.421

⇒ Q_c = 392kW × 0.421 ≈ 165kVAR

Accoding to catalog in Appendix A, the optimization of Qc is 175kVAR with 3x50kVAR & 1x25kVAR automatic capacitor bank in order to corrent the PF to 0.95 or higher.

MV/LV Power Transformer Sizing

After compensation, we got the new power factor of the installation and the new apparent power of installation is calculated. The new apparent power is used to determine the size of MV/LV Power Transformer. Apparent power after compensation:

S' = √P_MDB^2 + Q_MDB, Corrected^2

S' = √P_MDB^2 + (Q_MDB − Q_C)^2

By extension load demand 25% (𝑘𝑒 = 1.25) and using (Eq. 2.9), the size of MV/LV power transformer is determined by:

S_Tr = S^' × k_e = 1.25 × S'

After calculation the power transformer, we can obtain the result of calculation which can let us to select the rated of Power Transformer.

Power Generator Sizing

The Power generator sizing is performed following by equation (Eq. 2.10):

S_G = S^'

The power generator in this project only supplies backup power during periods of power outage on select critical facilities and emergency equipment, hence S^'is reliant on critical loads.

Cable & Circuit Breaker Sizing

Figure 3.4 Methodology for cable & circuit breaker sizing The cross-sectional areas of conductors are determined by the general method and by flowchart in Figure 3.4 steps below:

Step 1: Collect the power demand such as apparent power, nominal active power and Power factor of each load Appendix C.
Step 2: Calculate the maximum load current from apparent power following by (Eq.2.11), (Eq. 2.12), & (Eq. 2.13)

I_B = (P_n) / (V × cosφ)

I_B = (P_n × 10^3) / (V × η × cosφ)

I_B = (P_n × 10^3) / (√3 × V × η × cosφ)

Step 3: After I_B is determined, the next tasks are:
- The correction factor is chosen based on the method of installation in Appendix B of correction factor:
  - the ambient temperature is 35 degrees Celsius, thus k1 = 0.94
  - k2 & k3 both equal 1 (depend on ground)
  - k4 = 0.98 for method 31-F without additional circuit
  - k4 = 0.87 for method 31-F with 2 additional circuit is touching
- Select the conductor type PVC or XLPE, Cu or Al and select Iz from Appendix B, in cable sizing part for calculation the I_z^' following by (Eq. 2.14), which is leading to get cross section area (c.s.a) for each cable and selected the basway. Then the protected earth cable is selected by following (Eq. 2.21, 2.22 & 2.23).
Step 4: Determination Voltage drop is required the Eq. (2.15), (2.16), (2.17) & (2.20):
- For phase to neutral circuit

Δ U = 2 × I_B × ( Rcosφ + Xsinφ )L[ V]

Δ U = (Δ U) / (V_n) × 100 [%]

For balanced 3-phase (with or without neutral)

Δ U = √3 × I_B × ( Rcosφ + Xsinφ )L[ V]

Δ U = (Δ U) / (U_n) × 100 [%]

> where resistance R is calculated from (Eq. 2.18) or (Eq. 2.19)

R_Cu = (23.70 Ωmm^2/ km^2) / (S(c.s.a in mm^2)) or R_Al = (37.60 Ωmm^2/ km^2) / (S(c.s.a in mm^2))

Step 5: Verify the current-carry I_Z is higher than rated load current I_B and Δ U ≤ 5%.
Step 6: Short-circuit current can be determined by simplify method from (Eq. 2.24) or (Eq. 2.25), which is calculated with impedance Z_T by following the example in Appendix B.

Find the resistance R & reactance X of all circuit from upstream of MV Network refer to LV, Transformer, Busway, & Cable so that we can calculate the total resistance Rt and total reactance Xt from upstream to downstream. Using Rt, Xt, Eq. 2.25 & 2.26 to calculate Isc

I_SC = (U_20) / (√3 × √R_T^2 + X_T^2)

Step 7: Select the circuit-breaker with rated current, trip current and short-circuit current higher than load current & short-circuit calculation.
Step 8: Confirm I_B≤ I_n≤ I_Z^', V_sys ≤ V_n & I_SC≤ I_SC,CB of selected circuit-breaker for finally protected system.

Simulation with EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial

EcoStruxure Power Design–Ecodial is a user-friendly software from Schneider Electric that helps you optimize equipment and costs while managing operating specifications, all along with the design of your power distribution projects. Click here for downloading the Ecodial Application. This point will cover the basics of designing the Ecodial electrical system steps:

Firstly, create a project and place a project’s name and author then go to Project Parameters on the top left and input the parameter such as frequency of network, target of PF, ambient temperature or maximum voltage drop ∆U_max. After that, select the distribution busbar for connecting the load and source below.
Go to Design and Sizing to add any type of load, switch board, transformer, LV/MV source then input the data. For passive load SDB-5F in Figure 3.5, the loads active power is input Pr = 35.7kW with P.F = 0.84, then the apparent power and load current Ib are automatically determined.

Figure 3.5 Load data Input

The LV cable W-SDB-5F also needs to input value of cable length and select the type of cable & the method installation in order to calculate the carry current.
The next step is selecting the MV/LV transformer for our system in Figure 3.6, then input the transformer data for our project is 630kVA with 4% of short-circuit impedance voltage, 6.5kW total losses.

Figure 3.6 MV/LV Transformer data input

Then we selecting the cable type as BTS (Busway Trunking System) in Figure 3.7 with length 67m of BTS for distribute in building from P1 to 17F.

Figure 3.7 MV network & BTS input

For the capacitor bank in Figures 3.8 and 3.9, the input value of the target power factor is 0.95, and then adding the generator with backup mode. After that, adjust the cable sizing following our project so that the simulation is able to run.

Figure 3.8 Capacitor bank data input

Figure 3.9 Generator input

Results and Discussion

Power Demand of Each Floor

After following the methodology's phases, we arrived at the power demand result, where the left axis represented the values of bar charts for active power P, reactive power Q, and apparent power S, respectively, as in Figure 4.1. The right axis, in contrast, displays a line graph of the power factor. The biggest power consumption in the building is on the 5F to 12FA floors, or the SDB-5F to SDB-12FA, while the average power demand per sub distribution board is approximately 35.67kW within 0.80 power factor. The DB-P2 parking place, however, has the lowest power demand at only 1.6kW, supplying only a small number of sockets and lights as in Appendix C, in the main distribution board part. Figure 4.1 Result of power demand calculation of each floor Figure 4.2 The result of maximum load currents each distribution board After power demand calculation, the active power and power factor of each distribution board are obtained, so the maximum load current result can be determined as shown in Figure 4.2 and Appendix C. The maximum load current result of each distribution board fluctuates following the power demand.

Total Power Demand

Figure 4.3 Total power demand Figure 4.2's bar chart displays the statistics for the overall power consumption in the main distribution board. The total active power P is roughly 392 kW, the total reactive power A is around 291 kVA, and the total apparent power is equivalent to 488 kVA if we assume a diversity factor of 0.8. After that, with a system power factor of 0.80, the maximum load current Ib is around 704A. As a result, the power transformer's sizing would be 630 kVA with approximately 25% spare and a capacitor bank of 175 kVAR for correcting PF to 0.95 as shown in Appendix C, the main distribution board**.** The result, which is calculated from the transformer, is 909A, which leads to the use of a busway 1000A rating with a length of 67 meters for distribution to the distribution board. Figure 4.4 Voltage drop and short-circuit After the power demand calculation, we move on to the cable sizing process. In Figure 4.3, there are 5 noticeable varieties of single core cable with cross section areas of 6 mm², 16 mm², 25 mm², and lengths of 5 m and 10 m, which are indicated by different types of color: light green, green, dark green, blue, and light blue, respectively. The green bar chart represents the result of a voltage drop in percentage [%], while the blue line graph illustrates the short-circuit current in kiloamps [kA]. The green bar chart represents the result of a voltage drop in percentage [%], while the blue line graph illustrates the short-circuit current in kiloamps [kA]. The illustration of DB-P1, P2 & P3 shows that 3 bar charts with light green color describe the voltage drop with c.s.a 6mm², while 3 bar graphs with dark green color use the cable c.s.a 16mm². In that case, the car lift motor, which has the highest maximum load current in a length of 10m and a diameter of 25mm², has a voltage drop of 1.87%, while the lowest drop is approximately 1.76%. The data input in the chart below is obtained from Appendix C, and finally, the circuit breaker can be selected.

Result of Ecodial and Comparison

All cable input data to be delivered to distribution boards from the busway is modified to the same length and c.s.a. as in the excel calculation after the simulation in Ecodial has run. As seen in Figure 4.5, the Excel calculation for the transfer pump has seen the least change, while the Excel calculation for the fire pump has had the largest variation, which is around 1.6 percent. The data imported into the graphic below comes entirely from Appendix C, the comparison part. Figure 4.5 Voltage drop comparison Another significant issue for debate is short-circuit. Figure 4.6 illustrates how Excel calculation and Ecodial simulation experience a little variation in short-circuit current on all levels of floor or distribution board and circuits. Figure 4.6 Short-circuit comparison

CONCLUSIONS

By following all the methodology and using the software to determine the total power demand step by step, from the load to the circuit, then to the DB, SDB, and MDB, the total power demand with the power factor dropped below the required value, the capacitor bank needs to be calculated and sized, the transformer and the generator are almost significantly the same. In that case, the error values of both operations are different because of the approximate values used in the calculation. In such situation, due to the approximations utilized in the computation, the error values of the two procedures are different. Both Ecodial and Excel calculations have their advantages and disadvantages when compared for use. While Ecodial is quick and simple, the computation in Excel is difficult and time-consuming, but for the complexity, the use of Excel is more advanced. Recommendation for future work, is to use the Excel calculation for the complexity of electrical system design and also using other software from ABB or Siemen for verify our excel calculation to improve the estimation more accuracy. REFERENCES [1] Etienne TISON, (2018), Schneider Electrical installation guide [2] NEC 285, (2011), Surge protective devices [3] IEC 60364, Low-voltage electrical installations [4] Frederick S. Merritt, Building Design and Construction Handbook, 6th Edition [5] Electricité du Cambodge, (2007), Design Standard of EDC [6] Schneider, Ecodial Advance Calculation Help [7] Canalis, (2020), KTA 800 – 5000A [8] Fuji, Oil immersed Transformer APPENDICES

Power factor and capacitor bank

Power factor

Qc to be installed per kW of load, to improve the power factor Capacitor bank selection Genrac Generator selection Transformer specification

Cable sizing, voltage drop, impedance & short-circuit

Correction factors for ambient air temperatures other than 30 °C Reduction factors (table B.52.17 of IEC 60364-5-52) Reduction factors - method of installation F. Current-carrying capacity in amperes (table C.52.1 of IEC 60364-5-52) Busway charateristics Resistance & Reactance calculation

Appendix Resistance Reactance Calculation

Short-circuit current calculation

Circuit breaker selection

MCCB selection

Load Data Collection & Power Factor

Distribution board parking 1 (DB-P1)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-P1	AC01				1.13	1.05	1.54	0.73	6.7
CASSETTE AC 2.0HP		1	1,500	0.75
DB-P1	AC01				1.13	1.05	1.54	0.73	6.7
CASSETTE AC 2.0HP		1	1,500	0.75
DB-P1	S01				0.75	0.77	1.07	0.70	4.7
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.75
DB-P1	S02				0.84	0.86	1.20	0.70	5.2
POWER SOCKET		3	350	0.80
DB-P1	S03				0.56	0.57	0.80	0.70	3.5
POWER SOCKET		2	350	0.80
DB-P1	S04				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.80
DB-P1	S05				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.80
DB-P1	S06				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.80
DB-P1	L01				0.17	0.08	0.19	0.90	0.8
LED LIGHT 12W		14	12	1.00
DB-P1	L02				0.29	0.14	0.32	0.90	1.4
LED PANEL 36W		8	36	1.00
DB-P1	L01				0.25	0.26	0.36	0.70	1.6
SPARE SDB-5F TO RF		1	250	1.00
DB-P1, Ks = 0.6					4.50	4.33	6.25	0.72	9.02

Distribution board parking 2 (DB-P2)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-P2	S01				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.60
DB-P2	S02				0.63	0.64	0.90	0.70	3.9
POWER SOCKET		3	350	0.60
DB-P2	L01				0.35	0.17	0.38	0.90	1.7
LED LIGHTING 12W		6	12	0.80
LED PANEL 36W		10	36	0.80
DB-P2	L02				0.20	0.10	0.22	0.90	1.0
SPARE LIGHTING		1	250	0.80
DB-P2, Ks = 0.9					1.60	1.37	2.10	0.76	3.04

Distribution board parking 3 (DB-P3)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-P3	S01				1.08	1.10	1.54	0.70	6.7
POWER SOCKET		6	300	0.60
DB-P3	S02				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.60
DB-P3	L01				0.35	0.17	0.38	0.90	1.7
LED 12W		6	12	0.80
LED PANEL 36W		10	36	0.80
DB-P3	L02				0.20	0.10	0.22	0.90	1.0
SPARE		1	250	0.80
DB-P3, Ks = 0.9					2.00	1.78	2.68	0.75	3.87

Distribution board 3 floor (DB-3F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-3F
DB-3F	AC01				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73	4.4
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3F	AC02				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73	4.4
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3F	AC03				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73	4.4
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3F	AC04				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73	4.4
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3F	AC05				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73	4.4
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3F	S01				2.40	2.45	3.43	0.70	14.9
POWER SOCKET		4	1,000.00	0.60
DB-3F	S02				2.40	2.45	3.43	0.70	14.9
POWER SOCKET		4	1,000.00	0.60
DB-3F	S03				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70	5.6
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S04				1.05	1.07	1.50	0.70	6.5
POWER SOCKET		7	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S05				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70	5.6
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S06				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70	5.6
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S07				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70	5.6
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S08				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S09				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3F	S10				0.84	0.86	1.20	0.70	5.2
POWER SOCKET		4	350.00	0.60
DB-3F	S11				1.05	1.07	1.50	0.70	6.5
POWER SOCKET		5	350.00	0.60
DB-3F	L01				0.36	0.17	0.40	0.90	1.7
LED LIGHTING 12W		30	12.00	1.00
DB-3F	L02				0.36	0.17	0.40	0.90	1.7
LED LIGHTING 12W		30	12.00	1.00
DB-3F	L02				0.04	0.02	0.04	0.90	0.2
SPARE LIGHTING		1	36.00	1.00
DB-3F, Ks = 0.6					14.73	14.22	20.47	0.72	29.54

Distribution board 3A floor (DB-3FA)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-3FA
DB-3FA	AC01				1.97	1.84	2.70	0.73
CASSETTE AC 3.5HP		1	2,625.00	0.75
DB-3FA	AC02				1.97	1.84	2.70	0.73
CASSETTE AC 3.5HP		1	2,625.00	0.75
DB-3FA	AC03				1.41	1.32	1.93	0.73
CASSETTE AC 2.5HP		1	1,875.00	0.75
DB-3FA	AC04				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3FA	AC05				2.25	2.11	3.08	0.73
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.75
DB-3FA	S01				2.40	2.45	3.43	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	1,000.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S02				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S03				3.60	3.67	5.14	0.70
POWER SOCKET		6	1,000.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S04				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S05				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S06				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S07				0.90	0.92	1.29	0.70
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S08				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S09				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.60
DB-3FA	S10				0.84	0.86	1.20	0.70
POWER SOCKET		4	350.00	0.60
DB-3FA	L01				0.84	0.41	0.93	0.90
LED LIGHTING 12W		70	12.00	1.00
DB-3FA	L02				0.22	0.10	0.24	0.90
LED PANEL 36W		6	36.00	1.00
DB-3FA	SP01				0.22	0.10	0.24	0.90
SPARE LIGHTING		6	36.00	1.00
DB-3FA, Ks = 0.6				13.65	13.02	18.87	0.72	27.24

Distribution board 1 in 5 floor (DB-5F-N01)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-5F-N0(1)
DB-5F-N0(1)	AC01				0.56	0.53	0.77	0.73	3.4
WALL MOUNTED 1HP		1	750.00	0.75
DB-5F-N0(1)	AC02				0.84	0.79	1.16	0.73	5.0
WALL MOUNTED 1.5HP		1	1,125.00	0.75
DB-5F-N0(1)	WH02				2.50	0.36	2.53	0.99	11.0
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	1.00
DB-5F-N0(1)	ISO03				3.00	2.25	3.75	0.80	16.3
ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	1.00
DB-5F-N0(1)	S01				2.25	2.1065	3.08	0.73	13.4
KITCHEN SOCKET		4	500.00	0.75
DB-5F-N0(1)	S02	4	250.00	0.75
POWER SOCKET					1.05	1.07	1.50	0.70	6.5
DB-5F-N0(1)	SP01	7	250.00	0.60
SPARE AC					0.60	0.45	0.75	0.80	3.3
DB-5F-N0(1)	L01	1	750.00	0.80
EXHUSTING FAN					0.12	0.03	0.12	0.97	0.5
LED LIGHTING 12W		1	20.00	0.80
LED LIGHTING 18W		6	12.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(1), Ks = 0.7					7.65	5.31	9.31	0.82	13.43

Distribution board 2 in 5 floor (DB-5F-N02)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-5F-N0(2)
DB-5F-N0(2)	AC01				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT 1HP		1	750.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	AC02				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT 1HP		1	750.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	AC03				0.90	0.84	1.23	0.73	5.4
WALL MOUNT 1.5HP		1	1,125.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	WH01				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	WH02				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	ISO03				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	S01				1.50	1.40	2.05	0.73	8.9
KICHEN SOCKET		4	500	0.75
DB-5F-N0(2)	S02				2.40	2.45	3.43	0.70	14.9
SOCKET		12	250	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2)	L01				0.24	0.12	0.27	0.90	1.2
EXHUSTING FAN		1	20	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		19	12	0.80
LED LIGHTING 18W		3	18	0.80
DB-5F-N0(2), Ks = 0.7					8.85	5.81	10.59	0.84	15.28

Distribution board 3 in 5 floor (DB-5F-N03)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-5F-N0(3)
DB-5F-N0(3)	AC01				0.90	0.84	1.23	0.73	5.4
WALL MOUNTED 1.5HP		1	1,125	0.80
DB-5F-N0(3)	WH01				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500	0.80
DB-5F-N0(3)	S03				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
ISOLATOR		1	3,000	0.80
DB-5F-N0(3)	S02				1.60	1.50	2.19	0.73	9.5
KITCHEN SOCKET		4	500	0.80
DB-5F-N0(3)	S01				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250	0.80
DB-5F-N0(3)	L01				0.10	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.5
EXHUSTING FAN		1	20	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		7	12	1.00

DB-5F-N0(3), Ks = 0.7					5.460	3.70	6.60	0.83	9.52

Sub-distribution board floor (SDB-5F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
SDB-5F
SDB-5F	DB01				7.65	5.31	9.31	0.82	40.5
DB-5F-N0 (1)		1	7,646	1.00
SDB-5F	DB02				8.85	5.81	10.59	0.84	46.0
DB-5F-N0 (2)		1	8,849	1.00
SDB-5F	DB03				5.46	3.70	6.60	0.83	28.7
DB-5F-N0 (3)		1	5,460	1.00
SDB-5F	DB04				7.65	5.31	9.31	0.82	40.5
DB-5F-N0 (4)		1	7,646	1.00
SDB-5F	DB05				5.46	3.70	6.60	0.83	28.7
DB-5F-N0 (5)		1	5,460	1.00
SDB-5F	DB06				5.46	3.70	6.60	0.83	28.7
DB-5F-N0 (6)		1	5,460	1.00
SDB-5F	DB07				8.85	5.81	10.59	0.84	46.0
DB-5F-N0 (7)		1	8,849	1.00
SDB-5F	DB08				8.85	5.81	10.59	0.84	46.0
DB-5F-N0 (8)		1	8,849	1.00
SDB-5F	S01				1.08	1.10	1.54	0.70	6.7
POWER SOCKET		6	300	0.60
SDB-5F	L01				0.16	0.08	0.17	0.90	0.8
LED LIGHTING 12W		13	12	1.00

SDB-5F, Ks = 0.6					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22

Distribution board 14 floor (DB-14F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-14F	AC01				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT AC 1HP		1	750.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC02				1.20	1.12	1.64	0.73	7.1
WALL MOUNT AC 2HP		1	1,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC03				1.50	1.40	2.05	0.73	8.9
WALL MOUNT AC 2.5HP		1	1,875.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC04				1.20	1.12	1.64	0.73	7.1
WALL MOUNT AC 2HP		1	1,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC05				1.20	1.12	1.64	0.73	7.1
WALL MOUNT AC 2HP		1	1,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC06				1.50	1.40	2.05	0.73	8.9
WALL MOUNT AC 2.5HP		1	1,875.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC07				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC08				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
15F CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC09				1.20	1.12	1.64	0.73	2.4
15MF CASSETTE 2.0HP		1	1,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	AC10				1.80	1.69	2.47	0.73	3.6
15MF CASSETTE 3.0HP		1	2,250.00	0.80
DB-14F	SP01				0.40	0.30	0.50	0.80	2.2
SPARE		2	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	SP02				0.40	0.30	0.50	0.80	2.2
SPARE		2	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH01				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH02				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH03				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH04				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	ISO01				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-14F	S01				2.25	1.69	2.81	0.80	12.2
KITCHEN SOCKET		6	500.00	0.75
DB-14F	S02				1.20	1.22	1.71	0.70	7.5
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S03				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		3	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S04				1.20	1.22	1.71	0.70	7.5
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S05				1.20	1.22	1.71	0.70	7.5
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S06				1.20	1.22	1.71	0.70	7.5
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S07				1.20	1.22	1.71	0.70	7.5
POWER SOCKET		6	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S08				0.40	0.41	0.57	0.70	2.5
15F POWER SOCKET		2	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S09				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
15F POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	ISO01				2.40	2.45	3.43	0.70	14.9
15F ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-14F	S10				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
15F POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S11				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
15F POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	S12				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
15MF POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH01				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
15MF WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	WH02				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
15MF WATER HEATER		1	2,500.00	0.80
DB-14F	S13				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
15F POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	SP03				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
SPARE		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	SP04				2.03	1.09	2.30	0.88	10.0
SPARE		1	250.00	0.80
DB-14F	L01				0.04	0.02	0.04	0.90	0.2
LED LIGHTING 12W		4	12.00	0.80
DB-14F	L02				0.35	0.17	0.39	0.90	1.7
EXHUASTING FAN		2	20.00	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		27	12.00	0.80
DÉCOR LIGHTING 36W		2	36.00	0.80
DB-14F	L03				0.53	0.26	0.59	0.90	2.6
EXHUASTING FAN		1	20.00	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		45	12.00	0.80
DÉCOR LIGHTING 36W		3	36.00	0.80
DB-14F	L01				0.21	0.10	0.23	0.90	1.0
15F LED LIGHTING 12W		20	12.00	0.80
15F EXHUASTING FAN		1	20.00	0.80
DB-14F	L01				0.47	0.23	0.52	0.90	2.3
15MZ EXHUASTING FAN		1	20.00	0.80
15MZ LED LIGHTING 12W		38	12.00	0.80
15MZ DESIGN LED 36W		3	36.00	0.80
DB-14F	L06				0.23	0.11	0.26	0.90	1.1
16F LED LIGHTING 12W		24	12.00	0.80
DB-14F, Ks = 0.6					28.14	19.58	34.28	0.82	49.48

Distribution board 1 in 15 floor (DB-15F-N01)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-15F-N0(1)
DB-15F-N0(1)	AC01				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT 1HP		1	750	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	AC02				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT 1HP		1	750	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	AC02				0.90	0.84	1.23	0.73	5.4
WALL MOUNT 1.5HP		1	1,125	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	WH01				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	WH02				2.00	0.28	2.02	0.99	8.8
WATER HEATER		1	2,500	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	ISO01				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
ISOLATOR		1	3,000	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	S01				2.25	1.69	2.81	0.80	12.2
KICTCHEN SOCKET		6	500	0.75
DB-15F-N0(1)	S02				2.00	2.04	2.86	0.70	12.4
POWER SOCKET		10	250	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1)	L01				0.26	0.13	0.29	0.90	1.3
EXHUASTING FAN		2	20	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		18	12	0.80
LED LIGHTING 18W		2	18	0.80
DECOR LED 36W		1	36	0.80
DB-15F-N0(1), Ks = 0.7					9.11	5.73	10.76	0.85	15.54

Sub-distribution board 15 floor (SDB-15F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
SDB-15F
SDB-15F	DB01				8.33	5.24	9.85	0.85	42.8
DB-15F-N0 (1)		1	10,414.69	0.80
SDB-15F	DB02				8.33	5.24	9.85	0.85	42.8
DB-15F-N0 (2)		1	10,414.69	0.80
SDB-15F	DB03				8.33	5.24	9.85	0.85	42.8
DB-15F-N0 (3)		1	10,414.69	0.80
SDB-15F	L01				0.10	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.5
LED LIGHTING 12W		10	12.00	0.80
SDB-15F	S01				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
SDB-15F	L02				0.20	0.10	0.22	0.90	1.0
SPARE LIGHTING		1	250.00	0.80
SDB-15F, Ks = 0.7					15.29	9.65	18.08	0.85	26.10

Distribution board 16 floor (DB-16F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-16F
DB-16F	AC01				1.80	1.69	2.47	0.73	3.6
CASSETTE AC 3.0HP		1	2,250.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC02				1.80	1.69	2.47	0.73	3.6
CASSETTE AC 3.0HP		1	2,250.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC03				1.80	1.69	2.47	0.73	3.6
CASSETTE AC 3.0HP		1	2,250.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC04				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT AC 1HP		1	750.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC05				0.60	0.56	0.82	0.73	3.6
WALL MOUNT AC 1HP		1	750.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC06				0.60	0.45	0.75	0.80	3.3
SPARE AC		1	750.00	0.80
DB-16F	AC07				0.60	0.45	0.75	0.80	3.3
SPARE AC		1	750.00	0.80
DB-16F	ISO01				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-16F	S01				0.60	0.61	0.86	0.70	3.7
POWER SOCKET		3	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S02				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S03				0.80	0.82	1.14	0.70	5.0
POWER SOCKET		4	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S04				1.00	1.02	1.43	0.70	6.2
POWER SOCKET		5	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S05				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S06				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
POWER SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-16F	S07				2.25	1.69	2.81	0.80	12.2
KICTCHEN SOCKET		6	500.00	0.75
DB-16F	L01				0.39	0.19	0.44	0.90	1.9
LED LIGHTING 12W		41	12.00	0.80
DB-16F	L02				0.09	0.04	0.10	0.90	0.4
LED LIGHTING 18W		6	18.00	0.80
DB-16F	L02				0.20	0.10	0.22	0.90	1.0
SPARE LIGHTING		1	250.00	0.80
DB-16F, Ks = 0.6					10.04	8.74	13.31	0.75	19.21

Distribution board 17 floor (DB-17F)

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Qty	Pn (W)	Ku	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	I (A)
DB-17F
DB-17F	SP01				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
SPARE 3PH LOAD		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	SP02				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
SPARE 3PH LOAD		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	AC01				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	AC02				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	AC03				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	AC04				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	AC05				2.40	2.25	3.29	0.73	4.7
CASSETTE AC 4.0HP		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	SP03				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
SPARE SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	SP04				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
SPARE SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	SP05				0.20	0.20	0.29	0.70	1.2
SPARE SOCKET		1	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	SP06				0.40	0.41	0.57	0.70	2.5
SPARE SOCKET		2	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	S04				0.40	0.41	0.57	0.70	2.5
POWER SOCKET		2	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	ISO01				2.40	1.80	3.00	0.80	13.0
18F ISOLATOR		1	3,000.00	0.80
DB-17F	S01				2.25	1.69	2.81	0.80	12.2
18F KITCHEN SOCKET		6	500.00	0.75
DB-17F	S02				0.40	0.30	0.50	0.80	2.2
18F POWER SOCKET		2	250.00	0.80
DB-17F	S03				0.80	0.60	1.00	0.80	4.3
18F SOCKET WM		2	500.00	0.80
DB-17F	L01				0.35	0.17	0.39	0.90	1.7
EXHUASTING FAN		2	20.00	0.80
LED LIGHTING 12W		30	12.00	0.80
LED LIGHTING 36W		1	36.00	0.80
DB-17F	L02				0.27	0.13	0.30	0.90	1.3
LED LIGHTING 12W		28	12.00	0.80
DB-17F	L03				0.33	0.16	0.37	0.90	1.6
18F EXHUASTING FAN		1	20.00	0.80
18F LED 12W		30	12.00	0.80
18F LED 36W		1	36.00	0.80
DB-17F	L04				0.06	0.03	0.06	0.90	0.3
19F LED 12W		6	12.00	0.80
DB-17F	L05				0.02	0.01	0.02	0.90	0.1
20F LED 12W		2	12.00	0.80

DB-17F, Ks = 0.6					15.05	13.23	20.03	0.75	28.91

MDB Power Demand Calculation

CIRCUIT LABEL	Column 2	Ph	Qty	Pn (kW)	Ku	PF	Pavg,t (kW)	Qavg,t (kVAR)	Savg,t (kVA)	PF	Ib (A)
MDB	P1	3					4.50	4.33	6.25	0.72	9.02
DB-P1			1	4.50	1.00	0.72
MDB	P2	3					1.60	1.37	2.10	0.76	3.04
DB-P2			1	1.60	1.00	0.76
MDB	P3	3					2.00	1.78	2.68	0.75	3.87
DB-P3			1	2.00	1.00	0.75
MDB	3F	3					14.73	14.22	20.47	0.72	29.54
DB-3F			1	14.73	1.00	0.72
MDB	3FA	3					13.65	13.02	18.87	0.72	27.24
DB-3FA			1	13.65	1.00	0.72
MDB	5F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-5F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	6F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-6F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	7F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-7F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	8F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-8F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	9F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-9F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	9FA	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-9A			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	11F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-11F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	12F	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-12F			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	12FA	3					35.67	24.20	43.11	0.83	62.22
SDB-12A			1	35.67	1.00	0.83
MDB	14F	3					28.14	19.58	34.28	0.82	49.48
DB-14F			1	28.14	1.00	0.82
MDB	15F	3					15.29	9.65	18.08	0.85	26.10
SDB-15F			1	15.29	1.00	0.85
MDB	16F	3					10.04	8.74	13.31	0.75	19.21
DB-16F			1	10.04	1.00	0.75
MDB	17F	3					15.05	13.23	20.03	0.75	28.91
DB-17F			1	15.05	1.00	0.75
MDB	PL	3					16.50	15.45	22.60	0.73	32.62
P- LIFT			2	11.00	0.75	0.73
MDB	CL	3					22.50	21.07	30.82	0.73	44.49
C- LIFT			2	15.00	0.75	0.73
MDB	TP	3					8.25	7.72	11.30	0.73	16.31
T- PUMP			1	11.00	0.75	0.73
MDB	FP	3					11.25	10.53	15.41	0.73	22.24
F-PUMP			1	15.00	0.75	0.73
MDB	BP	3					5.63	5.27	7.71	0.73	11.12
B-PUMP			1	7.50	0.75	0.73
MDB, Ks = 0.8		3	Tr (kVA)		630		392.15	291.03	488.35	0.80	704.87
Capacitor bank (kVAR)					175

Cable sizing & Voltage drop CABLE SIZING TERM

Des	MAT	k1	k4	Iz	I'z	Ib	c.s.a 1x4C	L(m)	R (mΩ/m)	X (mΩ/m)	∆U	V End	∆U (%)
DB-P1	Cu	0.94	0.98	46	42.38	9.02	6	5	3.95	-	7.08	392.92	1.77
DB-P2	Cu	0.94	0.87	46	37.62	3.04	6	5	3.95	-	6.93	393.07	1.73
DB-P3	Cu	0.94	0.98	46	42.38	3.87	6	5	3.95	-	6.95	393.05	1.74
DB-3F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	29.54	25	5	0.948	-	7.03	392.97	1.76
DB-3FA	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	27.24	25	5	0.948	-	7.01	392.99	1.75
SDB-5F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-6F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-7F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-8F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-9F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-9A	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-11F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-12F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
SDB-12A	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	62.22	25	5	0.948	-	7.28	392.72	1.82
DB-14F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	49.48	25	5	0.948	-	7.19	392.81	1.80
SDB-15F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	26.10	25	5	0.948	-	7.03	392.97	1.76
DB-16F	Cu	0.94	0.98	110	101.33	19.21	25	5	0.948	-	6.97	393.03	1.74
DB-17F	Cu	0.94	0.87	110	89.96	28.91	25	5	0.948	-	7.03	392.97	1.76
P- LIFT	Cu	0.94	0.87	110	89.96	32.62	25	5	0.948	-	7.05	392.95	1.76
C-LIFT	Cu	0.94	0.87	110	89.96	44.49	25	10	0.948	-	7.39	392.61	1.85
B- PUMP	Cu	0.94	0.87	85	69.51	16.31	25	10	0.948	-	7.16	392.84	1.79
F-PUMP	Cu	0.94	0.87	85	69.51	22.24	16	10	1.48125	-	7.27	392.73	1.82
T-PUMP	Cu	0.94	0.87	85	69.51	11.12	16	10	1.48125	-	7.06	392.94	1.77
Busway	AL	Max Load Current	909.33	704.87	210.00	67	0.069	0.016	6.95	393.05	6.85

Short-circuit & Circuit-breaker

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5	Column 6	Column 7	Column 8	CB RATING	Column 10	Column 11
Description	c.s.a(mm2)	L(m)	R(mΩ)	X(mΩ)	Rt(mΩ)	Xt(mΩ)	Isc(kA)	Ib(A)	In (A)	Isc,cb(kA)
MV Network			0.04	0.35	0.04	0.35	264.08
Transformer			2.38	10.94	2.38	10.94	20.62	688.14	909	40
DB-P1	6	5	15.43	0	17.81	10.94	11.05	9.02	32	25
DB-P2	6	5	15.43	0	17.81	10.94	11.05	3.04	25	25
DB-P3	6	5	15.43	0	17.81	10.94	11.05	3.87	25	25
SDB-3F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	26.57	80	25
SDB-3FA	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	21.90	80	25
SDB-5F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-6F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-7F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-8F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-9F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-9FA	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-11F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-12F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
SDB-12FA	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	62.22	100	25
DB-14F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	48.77	100	25
SDB-15F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	26.10	63	25
DB-16F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	18.65	100	25
DB-17F	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	27.20	63	25
P-LIFT	25	5	3.70	0	6.08	10.94	18.44	29.77	63	25
C-LIFT	25	10	7.40	0	9.79	10.94	15.73	40.59	63	25
B-PUMP	16	10	11.57	0	13.95	10.94	13.02	10.15	63	25
F-PUMP	16	10	11.57	0	13.95	10.94	13.02	20.30	63	25
T-PUMP	16	10	11.57	0	13.95	10.94	13.02	14.88	63	25

Voltage drop & short-circuit comparison

Column 1	Voltage Drop	Column 3	Short-circuit	Column 5
DB	Excel	Ecodial	Excel	Ecodial
DB-P1	1.77	1.80	11.05	10.80
DB-P2	1.73	1.77	11.05	10.80
DB-P3	1.74	1.77	11.05	10.80
DB-3F	1.76	1.79	18.44	18.10
DB-3FA	1.75	1.79	18.44	18.10
SDB-5F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-6F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-7F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-8F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-9F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-9FA	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-11F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-12F	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
SDB-12FA	1.82	1.85	18.44	18.10
DB-14F	1.80	1.83	18.44	18.10
DB-15F	1.76	1.81	18.44	18.10
DB-16F	1.74	1.78	18.44	18.10
DB-17F	1.76	1.79	18.44	18.10
P-LIFT	1.76	1.80	18.44	18.10
C-LIFT	1.85	1.88	15.73	14.90
T-PUMP	1.79	1.82	13.02	12.50
F-PUMP	1.82	1.85	13.02	12.50
B-PUMP	1.77	1.80	13.02	12.50

Low Voltage Electrical Design for La Cozii TK Condominium

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

សេចក្តី​សង្ខេប

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Project Description

Problem Statement

Objective

Scope of Work

Company’s Profile

LITERATURE REVIEW

Installed Power (kW)

Estimation of Actual Maximum Power Demand

Maximum Utilization Factor (ku)

Diversity Factor (ks)

Power Demand Calculation

Power Factor Correction

Power Transformer

Power Generator

Cable and Circuit Breaker Sizing

Conductor Insulation Type and Busway

Maximum Load Current

Corrected Factor

Voltage Drop

Neutral Conductor

Protective Earth Conductor

Short-Circuit Current

Selection of Circuit Breaker

METHODOLOGY

Power Demand Calculation

Selection of Capacitor Bank

MV/LV Power Transformer Sizing

Power Generator Sizing

Cable & Circuit Breaker Sizing

Simulation with EcoStruxure Power Design - Ecodial

Results and Discussion

Power Demand of Each Floor

Total Power Demand

Result of Ecodial and Comparison

CONCLUSIONS

សេចក្តីសង្ខេប